|
The politics of Afghanistan consists of the council of ministers, provincial governors and the national assembly, with a president serving as the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Afghan Armed Forces. The nation is currently led by President Ashraf Ghani who is backed by two vice presidents, Abdul Rashid Dostum and Sarwar Danish. In the last decade the politics of Afghanistan have been influenced by NATO countries, particularly the United States, in an effort to stabilise and democratise the country. In 2004, the nation's new constitution was adopted and an executive president was elected. The following year a general election to choose parliamentarians took place. Hamid Karzai was declared the first ever democratically elected head of state in Afghanistan in 2004, winning a second five-year term in 2009. The National Assembly is Afghanistan's national legislature. It is a bicameral body, composed of the House of the People and the House of Elders. The first legislature was elected in 2005 and the current one in 2010. Members of the Supreme Court were appointed by the president to form the judiciary. Together, this new system is to provide a new set of checks and balances that was unheard of in the country. ==Brief timeline of Afghan politics== Government operation in Afghanistan historically has consisted of power struggles, bloody coups and unstable transfers of power. The country has been governed by many systems of government, including a monarchy, republic, theocracy, dictatorship, and a pro-communist state. *1709 - Mirwais Hotak declares Afghanistan (''land of the Afghans'') an independent state and establishes the Hotaki dynasty at Kandahar *1747 - Ahmad Shah Durrani expands Afghanistan and establishes the Durrani Empire. *1838 - British India invades the land during the First Anglo-Afghan War and begins to influence the politics of Afghanistan. *1919 - King Amanullah Khan takes the throne after the Third Anglo-Afghan War, British influence ends. *1973 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister and a member of the royal family, seizes power while King Mohammad Zahir Shah is in Italy. *1978 – The leftist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seizes power during the Saur Revolution. Daoud Khan is assassinated along with his family and supporters. *1979 – President Nur Muhammad Taraki, leader of PDPA, is assassinated and replaced by Hafizullah Amin. Amin is then assassinated and the Soviet Union invades. Babrak Karmal is installed as president. *1987 - Mohammad Najibullah replaces Babrak Karmal as president. *1989 – Soviet army withdraws all troops from the country, and the United States also abandons Afghanistan. *1992 – Kabul falls to mujahideen factions. Burhanuddin Rabbani becomes president of the new Islamic State of Afghanistan and a civil war starts. *1996 – Kabul along with most part of the country falls to the Taliban. *2001 – United States and coalition forces invade Afghanistan. Hamid Karzai is appointed leader of the nation at the International Conference on Afghanistan in Berlin the capital of Germany. *2003 - Loya Jirga adopts new constitution, restructuring the government as an Islamic republic. *2004 - Hamid Karzai is elected President of Afghanistan. *2014 - Ashraf Ghani is elected President of Afghanistan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Politics of Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|